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Preventive actions reduce the probability of negative risks (threats) before they occur. Adding training and checklists up front targets the cause of defects and aligns with Manage Quality’s proactive focus on process improvement. Corrective actions (Option A) realign performance with the plan after variances are observed. Defect repair (Option C) fixes identified nonconforming products—reactive to actual defects, not potential ones. An update (Option D) modifies project documents or plans but is typically the artifact produced after a preventive or corrective decision is approved. CAPM objectives highlight using the integrated change control process to evaluate proposed actions across scope, schedule, and cost and to ensure the project management plan and baselines are updated appropriately. Preventive actions often generate quality checklists, standard work, and training records, all of which become Organizational Process Assets. By investing early in prevention, teams reduce Cost of Quality by avoiding expensive external failures and rework later in the lifecycle.