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An external dependency lies outside the project team’s control—here, a government authority’s permit approval. Such dependencies introduce schedule risk due to limited influence and uncertain lead times. Mandatory internal (A) refers to inherent, physical, or contractual constraints within the project (e.g., cure concrete before load). Discretionary (B) captures preferred sequencing based on best practices or heuristics (soft logic), useful to revisit during compression. “Resource-based” (D) isn’t a PMI relationship type; resource constraints are handled via leveling/smoothing rather than redefining dependency classes. CAPM schedule management stresses identifying and documenting external dependencies early, incorporating realistic leads/lags, and engaging stakeholders to mitigate risk (expedite reviews, pre-submittal meetings). Maintain them in the risk register with owners and triggers, and use calendars and schedule data to reflect blackout periods or review cycles. During monitoring, track these items closely; slippage on externals often creates new critical or near-critical paths requiring proactive management.