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PMOs vary in authority. A Directive PMO exerts the highest level: it supplies project managers, owns standards, and directly manages projects, often in organizations seeking consistency and strong governance. A Controlling PMO (Option B) enforces compliance via frameworks, tools, and audits but typically leaves day-to-day management to functional/line PMs. A Supportive PMO (Option A) is consultative—offering templates, best practices, and mentoring with low control. Option D ignores the governance role PMOs play. CAPM fundamentals emphasize tailoring PMO structures to organizational maturity and strategy. Directive PMOs can improve outcomes through consistent practices and centralized oversight but must balance control with agility, avoiding bureaucratic delay. Clear charters, defined decision rights, and service catalogs help stakeholders understand how the PMO engages (e.g., portfolio prioritization, resource brokering, coaching). Measuring PMO value through delivery performance and benefits realization maintains executive sponsorship and continuous improvement.