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Total float (TF) is the amount an activity or path can slip without delaying the project finish (or a key milestone), computed via forward/backward passes on the schedule network. It emerges from logic relationships and durations; activities on the critical path have TF ≈ 0. Schedule reserve (sometimes called management reserve for time) is an explicit buffer added at higher levels—e.g., at the end of a phase or release—to protect delivery dates from residual uncertainty. Consuming schedule reserve typically requires governance approval because it changes the forecasted finish relative to the baseline. Option A is incorrect because their origins and controls differ. Option B reverses roles. Option D misattributes ownership. CAPM scheduling emphasizes transparent modeling: use TF to optimize sequencing and resource allocation; use schedule reserve to handle residual, systemic risks identified in risk planning. Both should be visible: TF in the schedule model, reserves in management plans and status reports, ensuring stakeholders understand true schedule health and the remaining protective capacity.