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As a rule, affect is most often a verb meaning “to influence,” while effect is most often a noun meaning “result.” In C, both appearances follow this rule: the protocol will affect (influence) infection rates, and a positive effect (result) is hoped for. A misuses effect where the verb affect belongs (“will affect how nurses chart”). B misuses affect as a noun; except in psychology (where affect = observable emotion), the noun should be effect (“had a calming effect”). D uses affect as a verb meaning “to pretend” or “to put on,” or in very formal prose “to aim at,” which is not standard in clinical contexts; the common verb there would be effect (to bring about), i.e., “effect a rapid recovery,” though even that is awkward since clinicians do not directly cause recovery. For TEAS, plug in synonyms: affect → influence; effect → result/outcome. If the sentence still reads naturally, you’ve chosen correctly. Watch for the psychology exception and the rarer verb effect (“to bring about”).