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Fat provides the highest caloric yield at 9 calories per gram, compared to 4 calories per gram for both carbohydrates and protein. Alcohol provides 7 calories per gram but is not considered a macronutrient due to its lack of essential function. ISSA CPT emphasizes understanding caloric values because they influence energy balance and body composition. While fats are calorie-dense, they are also essential for hormone production, nutrient absorption, and cell membrane integrity. Trainers should educate clients about the importance of healthy fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) while limiting trans fats and excessive saturated fats. Misconceptions about fats often lead clients to unnecessarily restrict them, impairing health and performance. By teaching clients about macronutrient balance and caloric contribution, trainers support informed nutrition choices that align with fitness and health goals.