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The principle of overload states that muscles must be exposed to a stress greater than they are accustomed to in order to adapt and grow stronger. In resistance training, this can mean gradually increasing weight, sets, repetitions, or training intensity. ISSA CPT emphasizes progressive overload as a core principle of program design because without it, adaptations plateau. Overload applies not only to strength training but also to cardiovascular and flexibility programming. However, trainers must balance overload with adequate recovery to avoid overtraining, injury, or burnout. For beginners, overload might involve simply adding one extra set or increasing resistance slightly, while advanced clients may need structured progression models. This principle connects closely to progression and specificity, forming the foundation of scientific programming. By applying overload safely, CPTs maximize client results while minimizing risk, ensuring steady, sustainable fitness improvements.