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The cerebellum integrates proprioceptive input from muscles/joints, vestibular information about head position/motion, and motor plans from the cortex to coordinate and fine-tune voluntary movements. It corrects motor errors in real time, contributing to balance, posture, and smooth execution (e.g., finger-to-nose testing). Damage yields ataxia, dysmetria (past-pointing), intention tremor, nystagmus, and a wide-based gait—classic signs of impaired coordination rather than strength loss. The medulla (A) manages autonomic functions (cardiac, respiratory centers) and reflexes like coughing and swallowing. The hypothalamus (C) governs homeostasis (temperature, hunger, endocrine link via pituitary). The basal nuclei (D) are crucial for movement initiation, habit learning, and suppressing unwanted movements; their dysfunction produces rigidity, bradykinesia, or chorea (e.g., Parkinson’s, Huntington’s), but cerebellar calibration of timing/precision is distinct. On TEAS A&P, map function to location: cerebellum → coordination/balance; basal nuclei → initiation & modulation; brainstem → basic life support; hypothalamus → homeostasis/endocrine. Recognizing hallmark deficits helps you match clinical descriptions to the correct neuroanatomical structure.