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Specimen identity must be indisputable. If a tube has been mislabeled—even while still at the bedside—the safest, policy-aligned action is to discard the mislabeled tube, recollect a new specimen, and label it correctly in the patient’s presence using two unique identifiers, date/time, and collector ID. Option B ensures a single, unambiguous label linked to the correct patient. Altering labels (Option A) or overlaying labels (Option C) creates ambiguity and is typically prohibited. Retaining a mismatched tube with a chart note (Option D) is not defensible and risks wrong-patient results. After recollection, document the incident per facility policy and notify the unit if required. Blood bank specimens may have even stricter requirements (e.g., second independent sample). Correcting errors immediately prevents serious clinical consequences and reflects high-stakes clerical competencies emphasized on certification exams.