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Upcoding involves selecting codes that result in higher reimbursement than supported by documentation. Choosing a higher E/M level without documented history, exam, and medical decision-making (or time-based rules when applicable) is a classic upcoding risk and a focus of payer audits and OIG compliance work plans. Option A and D reflect under-documentation leading to unspecified codes—these are compliance concerns but typically not upcoding. Option C is appropriate: compliant querying seeks clarification to ensure accurate, supported coding, not to lead the provider. A robust compliance program includes education, internal auditing, use of coding guidelines and NCCI edits, maintenance of query policies, and corrective action plans to prevent and detect upcoding and other improper billing patterns. CCA professionals should recognize patterns that trigger reviews and help maintain ethical, accurate coding practices.