Challenge Your Exam Readiness With Our Free Esthetician Practice Questions

Sebaceous glands are microscopic exocrine glands located in the dermis and closely associated with hair follicles. Their primary function is to secrete sebum, an oily substance composed of lipids, triglycerides, wax esters, and squalene. Sebum lubricates both the skin and hair, helping to maintain the skin barrier, prevent water loss, and provide a mild antibacterial effect. By coating the stratum corneum, sebum supports skin suppleness and contributes to the skin’s natural acid mantle, which maintains a slightly acidic pH (around 4.5–5.5) to inhibit harmful microbes. In contrast, sweat glands (choice A) regulate body temperature through perspiration. Melanocytes (choice C) produce melanin, not sebum. Blood vessels in the dermis (choice D) supply oxygen and nutrients but are unrelated to sebaceous gland function. Overactivity of sebaceous glands can lead to oily skin and contribute to acne formation, while underactivity may result in dryness. Estheticians must understand sebaceous function to recommend appropriate treatments, products, and home-care regimens for various skin types and conditions.