Challenge Your Exam Readiness With Our Free Esthetician Practice Questions

Chemical exfoliation uses acids such as alpha hydroxy acids (glycolic, lactic, mandelic) and beta hydroxy acids (salicylic) to dissolve the intercellular bonds (desmosomes) that hold corneocytes together in the stratum corneum. By loosening these bonds, chemical exfoliants accelerate the shedding of dead cells, improve skin texture, stimulate cell renewal, and enhance product penetration. Manual exfoliation (choice A) relies on scrubs or abrasive particles to physically remove cells. Enzymatic exfoliation (choice B) uses proteolytic enzymes like papain or bromelain to digest keratin proteins, making it gentler for sensitive skin. Mechanical exfoliation with brushes or microdermabrasion (choice D) removes surface cells physically but does not break down desmosomes chemically. Proper knowledge of concentration, pH, and client skin type is essential for safe use of chemical exfoliants. Estheticians must conduct thorough skin analysis and screen for contraindications (e.g., sensitive skin, recent retinoid use, pregnancy for certain acids) before applying peels or exfoliating agents. This ensures effectiveness while minimizing irritation or damage.