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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Near-miss events are critical learning opportunities in patient safety. A near-miss refers to an error that could have caused harm but was intercepted before reaching the patient. Reporting such events is essential for proactive risk management.

Option A is incorrect because ignoring near-misses eliminates valuable safety data. Option B discourages reporting and undermines a just culture. Option D is excessively punitive and does not address system weaknesses.

CPHRM principles emphasize creating a non-punitive reporting environment where staff feel safe to report errors and near-misses. These reports are analyzed through tools like root cause analysis and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). The goal is to identify process vulnerabilities, such as labeling issues, workflow interruptions, or communication gaps.

Organizations use near-miss data to prevent future harm by redesigning systems, improving training, and implementing safety checks. Encouraging reporting strengthens the culture of safety and supports continuous quality improvement.