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For a clinical population with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, understanding medications is critical to safe programming. Agents such as beta-blockers, nitrates, insulin, and sulfonylureas alter HR, BP, rate–pressure product, and glycemic response during and after exercise. A thorough reconciliation documents drug names, doses, timing, mechanisms, potential exercise interactions (e.g., blunted HR response on beta-blockers), and risks like hypoglycemia around activity for insulin or insulin secretagogues. This informs pre-exercise glucose checks, carbohydrate strategies, target intensity selection (e.g., RPE or workload instead of HR alone), and BP thresholds for test termination. While functional tests are valuable, they should follow risk appraisal and medical review. Submaximal testing without appropriate oversight may be unsafe, and 1-RM testing is not first-line prior to determining hemodynamic and glycemic stability. Therefore, medication review is the most essential early assessment step to mitigate adverse events and tailor both testing and training parameters to the individual’s clinical status.