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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

The correct answer is C, absorption.

Absorption occurs when a chemical enters the body through contact with the skin or eyes. Many workplace substances can penetrate biological tissues and enter the bloodstream, potentially causing local irritation or systemic health effects. Examples include solvents, pesticides, fuels, oils, and certain industrial chemicals.

Industrial hygiene recognizes four primary routes of exposure: inhalation, ingestion, absorption, and injection. Although inhalation is often considered the most common occupational exposure route, skin absorption can be equally significant depending on the substance involved.

OHST professionals must understand exposure pathways when evaluating workplace hazards and selecting appropriate controls. Protective measures may include chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, engineering controls, safe work procedures, and employee training. Safety Data Sheets provide important information regarding dermal hazards and recommended protection.

Recognizing exposure routes helps organizations prevent occupational illnesses and select controls that effectively reduce risk. Proper hazard communication and employee awareness are essential components of exposure prevention programs.