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Reverse logistics refers to the set of supply chain activities that move goods from the customer back to the manufacturer or distributor for purposes such as returns, repairs, recycling, or safe disposal. Option A describes forward logistics, which handles delivery of goods to end customers. Option C is a general transportation efficiency concern, while option D addresses last-mile delivery, part of outbound logistics. In CSCP, reverse logistics is critical in sustainability and customer service strategies. For instance, electronics manufacturers like Dell and HP have established reverse logistics programs to reclaim used products, recover valuable components, and responsibly recycle waste. This not only reduces environmental impact but also builds brand reputation and ensures regulatory compliance. Effective reverse logistics can also reduce costs by reclaiming value from returned products and streamlining warranty processes. With circular economy initiatives gaining importance, reverse logistics is becoming a strategic differentiator in global supply chains.