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Key phrases reveal the author’s stance. The memo “reframed” failure and called each flaw a “direction sign,” suggesting the team views problems as informative. The declaration “We will not ship imperfection” shows high standards, but the clause “neither will we learn without encountering it” asserts that failure is instrumental to learning. Choice C—opportunistic—fits this framing: setbacks are opportunities to identify “materials and tolerances” needing adjustment. Choice A is contradicted by the careful analysis of what went wrong; the team does not ignore failures. Choice B labels failures “useless,” but the passage explicitly states they provide guidance, so that’s incorrect. Choice D implies fear; while the prototype had issues, the tone is constructive rather than anxious. On ACT Reading attitude/tone questions, focus on evaluative verbs (“reframed”), metaphors (“direction sign”), and explicit statements of policy (“will not ship imperfection… learn without encountering it”) to determine whether the viewpoint is positive, negative, or nuanced. The evidence consistently supports the idea that failure is a resource for iteration, making C the best answer.